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How to Become an Electrician in 8 Steps

Profile picture of Seth Richtsmeier, freelancer writer for Jobber Academy
Seth Richtsmeier
Dec 16, 2024 10 min read
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  1. Jobber Blueprint /
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  4. How to Become an Electrician

Wondering what it takes to become an electrician? Whether it’s wiring a smart home or lighting up a downtown skyscraper, electricians are the backbone of modern life.

But how do you get there?

In this guide, we’ll take you through every step, from choosing the right training path to earning your license. Read on to see what it takes to “spark” your career as an electrician.

Follow these steps to become an electrician:

  1. Earn a high school diploma or GED
  2. Consider trade school or vocational-technical education
  3. Apply for an apprenticeship
  4. Register as an electrician apprentice
  5. Complete your apprenticeship
  6. Obtain a journeyman electrician license
  7. Gain experience as a journeyman
  8. Consider becoming an independent electrical contractor

What does an electrician do?

An electrician’s job isn’t just to rewire houses or install outlets. With a mix of technical and problem-solving skills, electricians work to ensure that electricity flows safely in homes, office buildings, and more.

Electrician responsibilities

An electrician installs, maintains, and repairs electrical systems. They’re troubleshooters and guardians of electricity. They work with wiring, circuit breakers, transformers, and even smart home systems, seeing that everything functions without a hitch.

Electricians need a sharp eye for safety, a knack for precision, and a cool head under pressure. One misstep could fry a circuit—or worse.

If you love problem-solving, and you love working with your hands … then you’re going to enjoy [it].

James Droste My Handyman James

Types of electricians

Depending on your interests, you can specialize in different areas of the trade. Here are the main types:

  • Residential electricians handle home systems. From wiring new houses to troubleshooting why the kitchen lights keep flickering, residential electricians help make homes safe and comfortable.
  • Commercial electricians work in office buildings, restaurants, and more. Handling larger systems means their work is often more complex.
  • Industrial electricians are the powerhouses of the trade, maintaining electrical systems in factories and manufacturing plants. Since they deal with machinery and high-voltage systems, this isn’t your average outlet fix.
  • Journey-level electricians have completed their apprenticeship and earned their licenses. They’re experienced and mentor the apprentices.
  • Master electricians are the top tier. These experts have years of experience and extensive training. And they often take on supervisory or design roles.
  • Independent electrical contractors run their own businesses. They juggle customer service, project management, and the actual electrical work.

How hard is it to become an electrician? Let’s break it down.

Steps to become an electrical contracting technician

Pursuing a career as an electrical contracting technician? This path is full of hands-on work, problem-solving, and steady demand. Follow these steps to make it happen.

1.   Earn a high school diploma or GED

A high school diploma or GED is your ticket into the electrical trade. It might sound basic, but those math and science classes will come in handy.

Math and science matter because electricians work with measurements, angles, and electrical currents. You might find yourself appreciating the basics of algebra and physics.

Some programs and apprenticeships have specific academic standards and minimum GPA requirements. Keeping your grades up will save you from hurdles later on.

When you’re in your mid-thirties, you have a family. You can’t really just [start]. But when you’re 19, you can.

If you want to do this, it’s a great career, but you’ve got to start now. Because you can’t really afford to start the apprenticeship later.

Adam Sylvester Charlottesville Gutter Pros

2.   Consider trade school or vocational-technical education

While not mandatory, trade schools and vocational programs can give you a leg up. These programs show you the ropes before you even set foot on a job site. They blend classroom instruction with real, hands-on training.

  • Benefits of formal education: You’ll gain technical skills and an understanding of electrical systems before jumping into an apprenticeship.
  • Types of programs available: From certificate courses to two-year degrees, there’s something for everyone.
  • Duration and cost: Programs typically range from six months to two years. They cost anywhere from $2,000 to $20,000, so think of it as an investment in your future.

3.   Apply for an apprenticeship

An apprenticeship is where you really learn the craft with on-the-job training and formal instruction. This step is the backbone of your journey to becoming an electrician.

To find an opportunity, check local unions, trade associations, and online job boards. Networking can also open doors.

Most programs require you to:

  • Be at least 18 years old
  • Have a high school diploma or GED
  • And pass a basic aptitude test

The first step to becoming an electrician apprentice is often the hardest. But once you’re in, you’re on your way.

4.   Register as an electrician apprentice

In many states, apprentices need to register to legally work. It’s a straightforward but important step to get started and keep progressing in the trade.

Each state has its own rules. Some require you to pass a test or submit proof of apprenticeship. Check your local regulations so you don’t hit a roadblock.

Registration helps you track your hours and ensures your work experience counts toward licensing.

5.   Complete your apprenticeship

Over the course of your apprenticeship—typically four to five years—you’ll have the knowledge and skills you need to excel as an electrician.

  • On-the-job training: Most apprenticeships require around 8,000 hours of supervised work. That sounds like a lot, but that’s what it takes to become a capable electrician.
  • Classroom instruction: Expect around 144 hours of related coursework each year. You’ll cover electrical theory, electrical safety protocols, and the National Electrical Code (NEC).
  • Skills: You’ll learn everything from electrical wiring systems to reading blueprints. You’ll also develop critical thinking skills.

Becoming an electrician apprentice is just the beginning. Completing this step sets the stage for the rest of your career.

Find yourself an environment where there are people that are going to be invested in your skills and your growth and development.

You need a solid apprenticeship if you want to be of value in the marketplace. And for us, small businesses, we need those craftspeople to bring value to our teams.

 Jason Savageau Current Electric Systems

6.   Obtain a journeyman electrician license

Now it’s time to level up. To work independently, you’ll need a journeyman electrician license. This involves passing an exam that tests your knowledge of the NEC, local codes, and electrical systems.

  • Exam prep tips: Online courses and practice tests are available to help you feel ready.
  • Electrician licensing requirements: Each state has its own rules, so do your research. Some states require you to submit proof of apprenticeship hours. In Texas, for example, you need to complete 8,000 hours of training and pass a journeyman exam. And in California, you need to complete a state-approved apprenticeship program and pass the state certification exam.
  • Application process: Submit your documents and schedule your exam. Once you pass, you’ll officially hold the title of journeyman electrician.

READ MORE: How to become a certified electrician in the U.S. (State-by-state guide)

7.   Gain experience as a journeyman

With your journeyman license in hand, the next few years are all about building expertise. You’ll work on diverse projects and hone your skills. You might even discover a specialty you love, such as:

  • Entertainment and events
  • Green energy systems
  • High-voltage projects
  • Industrial systems
  • Marine or aviation electrical work
  • Smart home technology

Most electricians spend about two to five years as a journeyman before they advance to the next level. Whether you’re working on solar panels or smart home systems, this is your time to explore.

8.   Consider becoming an independent electrical contractor

If you want to run the show, starting your own electrical business should be the goal. But keep in mind, being an independent contractor isn’t just about electrical work—it’s also about running a business.

You’ll need to handle scheduling, billing, and customer service, in addition to working on electrical projects.

From liability insurance to permits, being a contractor comes with its fair share of paperwork. But the payoff is you’ll have complete control over your career.

READ MORE: How to start an electrical business: 8 steps to success

How long does it take to become an electrician?

Becoming an electrician is more of a journey than a sprint. And the timeline can vary based on your chosen path and state requirements.

Here’s a typical timeline for each phase:

  • High school diploma or GED: Four years.
  • Trade school or vocational program: Six months to two years, depending on the type of program.
  • Apprenticeship: 4-5 years, which includes on-the-job training and classroom instruction.
  • Journeyman electrician licensing process: 2-3 months to prepare for and pass the state exam.

On average, it can take 5-7 years after high school graduation to become a licensed journeyman electrician.

If you’re aiming for higher certifications—like becoming a master electrician or an independent contractor—you’ll need to factor in additional years of experience.

Several factors can determine how fast or slow the process is:

  • Part-time vs. full-time schooling: Juggling education with your day job? That could add some extra time.
  • State requirements: Some states require more hours of on-the-job training or different certifications.
  • Your pace: Some apprentices finish faster by doubling down on hours or attending accelerated programs.

How much does it cost to become an electrician?

Becoming an electrician involves some upfront costs, but it’s an investment in a rewarding career. Here’s what you’ll need to budget for, in order:

  1. Trade school or vocational program: If you choose formal education, expect tuition costs to range from $1,000 to $12,000. This depends on how long the program is and whether it’s at a community college, trade/electrician school, or private institution. An associate’s degree typically costs between $3,000 and $12,000.
  2. Apprenticeship program fees: For states requiring apprenticeships, the costs range from nothing ($0) to $4,000, depending on the organization that sponsors your training. Many apprenticeships offer paid positions, so you’ll likely get to earn money while you learn.
  3. Licensing exam and application fees: The exam to become a licensed journeyman usually costs between $30 and $75. Once you pass, you’ll need to pay a license renewal fee every year, which ranges from $15 to $75.
  4. Tools and equipment: As an apprentice, you’ll likely need to buy your own tools. A starter toolkit can run $180 to $385, depending on the quality of the equipment.
  5. Continuing education: To keep your license active or add specialized certifications, budget for ongoing courses. These range from $50 to $500 per class.

READ MORE: Electrician tools list: 45 professional tools to buy

Depending on your state and career path, the total cost to become an electrician can fall between $500 and $20,000.

But don’t forget—you’ll start earning wages as an apprentice, which helps offset these expenses.

Electrician career advancement and specializations

Once you’ve got your footing as a licensed electrician, there are plenty of opportunities to grow and specialize. Whether you want to climb the career ladder or focus on a niche you love, the electrical field offers plenty of ways to keep things exciting.

Climbing the ranks

Starting as a journeyman is just the beginning. Many electricians want to become master electricians, which comes with higher pay and the authority to oversee projects and apprentices.

From there, you might even decide to start your own business as an independent contractor. You run the show and choose your projects.

Finding your specialty

Electrical work spans a range of industries, so there’s something for everyone:

  • Smart home systems: If you love gadgets, you could program and install automation systems for homes and businesses.
  • Renewable energy: If you’re passionate about green tech, specialize in solar panel installation or wind turbine systems.
  • Industrial systems: If you’re comfortable with heavy machinery, focus on large-scale projects in factories or plants.
  • Marine or aviation work: If you want to do something completely different, work on electrical systems for boats or airplanes.

Getting certified in advanced areas

Certifications in specific fields, like hazardous locations or energy efficiency systems, can set you apart and boost your earning potential.

These advanced qualifications not only demonstrate your expertise, but they can open doors to projects that most electricians might not take on.

Challenges and rewards

Like any career, electrical work has its hurdles. But the rewards make it worth the effort.

The challenges

  • Physical demands: Electricians spend time on their feet, crawl into tight spaces, and climb ladders. But if you love hands-on work, this won’t feel like a chore.
  • Problem-solving under pressure: Systems fail, and you need to meet deadlines. Sometimes, you’ll need to troubleshoot fast. If you thrive while thinking on your feet, though, this is where you’ll shine.
  • Working conditions: Outdoor projects mean you need to deal with the elements. And some jobs may be on noisy construction sites.

The rewards

  • Job stability: Electricity powers everything around us, so there’s always a demand for electricians.
  • A sense of accomplishment: Every electrician job you complete keeps things running for customers. Seeing the results of your work can be fulfilling.
  • Earning potential: As you gain experience, there’s potential to earn more. Specialists and independent contractors often command impressive salaries. For a full breakdown of the earning potential, check out our Essential Electrician Salary Guide.

Mastering the trade

Becoming an electrician is no small feat, but it’s a journey worth taking. After getting your high school diploma and exploring trade schools, you’ll work through an apprenticeship, build your skills, and earn your journeyman license.

For aspiring electricians, the road ahead might seem long. But every hour of electrician training and hands-on experience brings you closer to a profession that powers communities.

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